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It was a long time coming, but the press that Microsoft, for the community to come out of beta of Windows 7 in sharp contrast with the many criticisms that Vista is a magnet.

As we closed, we are more like an operating system that we think we are always with Vista itself: it was close, he's much more difficult to work and not keep a knife in the environment with the same regularity.

Of course, not perfect, and even Microsoft, but the great trust the Release Candidate edition is also free to the public with the bow to leave the company was also relaxed in 2010, before they were due for the full version. And that the previous version of the mind, well planned - again, with Vista - a few months before the original plan.

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Polymer membrane filter in water use since 1970 without a lot of innovation for a long period of time, "said Robert Allen, senior manager in the chemistry of the IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California, United States. There is a problem with the traditional membrane filters. Chlorine to kill pathogens in water that is worse. They are sensitive to pollution and traffic congestion, because the water is forced through the process of reverse osmosis desalination of oil or protein.

IBM researchers have developed a layer of material is strong and that this problem also filter Arsenic. Products developed by Allen polymer laboratory and center of glass, a company based in Tokyo. The material hexafluoropropene alcohol, the material structure of the advanced chip industry. IBM researchers have also found that a good connection filter. Other employees in order to Benny Freeman, a professor of chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin, and King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia, a country that big investments in desalination.

The key is the performance of coating pH observed. In the case of a high pH, Arsenic in water, and fluorine groups in the polymer, which is the strength and toxic chemicals. Membrane can not, under the conditions required for ionization of Arsenic, "said Allen. There are two forms of Arsenic which is difficult to deny other people. Traditional filter is only 80% of this form, the filter will remove 95% of IBM. Again according to the nature sample water, Allen said, is 96 to 99 percent of Arsenic.

Polymer Coatings for efficient energy, water desalination, high pH, so the water more quickly through the filter. Na Hye-jung, a scientist of the project, explained that the maximum level for fluorine in the polymer to protect the chlorine. He also said that the filter should be cleaned more often. After two hours, the oil-water filtration membranes is quite conventional. Fluoro-polymer coating, which has been tested for two days without contamination display.

Source material for the manufacture of membranes is more expensive than conventional polyamides. "But the situation is very thin, at 100 nanometers - and if it works, it's worth," said Allen. IBM hopes membranes in Bangladesh, where tens of million people with drinking water Arsenic.

The power of experts at this time before Congress in the United States, shows a large decrease in emissions of greenhouse gases and increase the likelihood of various international agreements to reduce greenhouse gases. "This is climate change legislation, with the serious," said Gilbert Metcalf, an economics professor at the University of tufts. But many warn that the draft changes to the traditional markets and mechanisms of this regulation to reduce emissions more than they should.

The draft law, officially announced that the United States Security and Clean Energy Act of 2009, is also considered as the Waxman-Markey Bill, to sponsor them, Henry Waxman (D-Ca.) and Edward Markey (D-Mass.). Law, a cap and trade system to reduce greenhouse gases, an approach favored by most economists in relation to the regulations, because the high degree of flexibility, such as emissions reduction targets met. But also a mandate, can significantly reduce costs, such as Cap and trade approach is intended to provide.

In a cap and trade system, governments set a cap on total emissions of greenhouse gases from industrial equipment and various sources, including plants burning fossil fuels to generate electricity. The polluters pay, and carbon dioxide gases, the total amount of emissions available on living in the CAP. During the period of time, the government gradually to reduce the amount of allowance and up to their destination. When companies license their emissions, they need more.

Economists such as the system, because the company can choose to reduce emissions, for example by investing in new technology, or purchase a license from the government or industry, they do not need to - what makes economic sense is better. This device is designed to market the value of carbon emissions.

Proposed draft energy law, the Government is to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by 17 percent cap in 2020 (compared to 2005), and 80 percent in 2050 - the target is selected, to prevent the worst impacts of climate change. Maxima electricity more expensive for companies and the implementation of clean technology, the degradation of the palate or the money to buy with less emissions. But the law has some provisions for the depreciation of the impact, especially the first. For one thing, this is far from most of the license does not cost to them, and also required that all the benefits of this free allowances to electricity customers. In addition, companies can buy "offsets" for the payment reduction programs outside the United States.

If this is correct, there is less than the amount of emissions, when the program starts. Initially, if the caps are relatively easy to take, the price of carbon allowances in the market to a minimum. But they eventually higher than the cost of the rare. In an ideal world, to predict the price of the company and the plan allowance.